also: まんま
窓を開けたまま寝てしまった。
I fell asleep with the window open.
そのままにしておいてください。
Please leave it as it is.
while (in a state); with (something done)
Follows a past-tense verb describing a state, indicating that the action is done while that state persists. Common with verbs like 立つ, 座る, 閉じる.
彼は立ったまま話し続けた。
He kept talking while standing.
目を閉じたまま音楽を聴いた。
I listened to music with my eyes closed.
as (one pleases); according to
Used in the pattern 〜にまま to mean 'as one wishes' or 'according to'. Often with verbs like 言う, する, 任せる.
自分の思うままに行動した。
I acted as I pleased.
言われるままにお金を払った。
I paid the money as I was told.
Only with reading ママ
Editorial notation indicating that a quoted passage is transcribed exactly as, including any errors or unusual features. Typically written in katakana as ママ.
See also: 原文のまま
原文のママ引用します。
I quote the original text verbatim (including any errors).
I accidentally went into the house with my shoes still on.
I read a book while sitting down.
He acted exactly as his boss told him.
The room was exactly as it used to be.
To live life as one pleases.
なり in this sense (past verb + なり) describes an action left in its resulting state, similar to まま but rarer and more literary.
まま means 'leaving something as it is' and attaches to nouns or past-tense verbs with a neutral tone, while っぱなし attaches to a verb's -masu stem and usually implies careless neglect.
まま just marks a state left unchanged, while っぱなし adds a nuance of neglect or relentless continuation that まま lacks.
間々 (まま) means 'occasionally', while 儘 (まま) after a noun or verb means 'as it is, unchanged' (as in そのまま), and the two are easily confused when written only in hiragana.
ママ means 'mom' or a bar's proprietress, while まま (as in 原文まま) means 'as is, unchanged' and is unrelated in meaning despite sounding identical.
selfish; willful; self-indulgent
whatever; never mind; I don't care; the hell with it
selfishness; willfulness; doing as one pleases
as one pleases; self-indulgent; willful
Rarely used kanji form.
Rarely used kanji form.