努める · ichidan verb
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 努める | 努めない |
| Polite | 努めます | 努めません |
| Past polite | 努めました | 努めませんでした |
| Past | 努めた | 努めなかった |
| Te-form | 努めて | 努めないで |
| Desire | 努めたい | 努めたくない |
| Potential | 努められるalso 努めれる | 努められないalso 努めれない |
| Passive | 努められる | 努められない |
| Causative | 努めさせる | 努めさせない |
| Causative passive | 努めさせられる | 努めさせられない |
| Volitional | 努めよう | |
| Polite volitional | 努めましょう | |
| Imperative | 努めろ | 努めるな |
| Conditional | 努めれば | 努めなければ |
| Tara conditional | 努めたら | 努めなかったら |
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
endeavor; strive; make an effort
Used for putting conscious effort into achieving something, often with a goal or duty in mind. Common in both spoken and written Japanese.
He endeavored to pass the exam.
私たちは環境問題の解決に努めています。
We are striving to solve environmental problems.
I make an effort to exercise every day.
The company is striving to improve its service.
The government strove to resolve the problem.
Rarely used kanji form.