引き起こす · godan verb (-su)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 引き起こす | 引き起こさない |
| Polite | 引き起こします | 引き起こしません |
| Past polite | 引き起こしました | 引き起こしませんでした |
| Past | 引き起こした | 引き起こさなかった |
| Te-form | 引き起こして | 引き起こさないで |
| Desire | 引き起こしたい | 引き起こしたくない |
| Potential | 引き起こせる | 引き起こせない |
| Passive | 引き起こされる | 引き起こされない |
| Causative | 引き起こさせる | 引き起こさせない |
| Causative passive | 引き起こさせられる | 引き起こさせられない |
| Volitional | 引き起こそう | |
| Polite volitional | 引き起こしましょう | |
| Imperative | 引き起こせ | 引き起こすな |
| Conditional | 引き起こせば | 引き起こさなければ |
| Tara conditional | 引き起こしたら | 引き起こさなかったら |
godan verb (-su), transitive verb
cause; induce; bring about; provoke
Broadly used for causing events, situations, or reactions, often with negative or significant outcomes. Can be used with abstract nouns like 問題, 混乱, 議論, etc.
That remark provoked a major controversy.
Earthquakes can cause tsunamis.
godan verb (-su), transitive verb
pull upright; help up
Physical action of pulling something or someone to an upright position, such as helping a fallen person stand. Less common than the causative sense.
I helped the fallen person up.
I pull the fallen bicycle upright.
Drowsy driving caused a major accident.
He pulled up the fallen elderly man to help him.
The announcement caused chaos in the market.
The policy sparked a heated debate in parliament.
Search-only variant; not a standard written form.
Occasionally used for sense 1 (cause/provoke), but 引き起こす is far more common.
Search-only variant; not a standard written form.
Search-only variant; not a standard written form.
Search-only variant; not a standard written form.
Search-only variant; not a standard written form.
Search-only variant; not a standard written form.