oneself and others; self and other
General term for the distinction between oneself and other people. Often used in phrases like 自他の区別 (distinction between self and others).
He is a person who has a clear sense of the distinction between himself and others.
Behavior that doesn't distinguish between self and others is problematic.
Philosophical term for the distinction between the perceiving subject and the perceived object.
In philosophy, the relationship between subject and object is an important theme.
transitivity; transitive and intransitive verbs
Grammar term referring to the property of verbs being transitive (他動詞) or intransitive (自動詞).
Japanese verbs have a distinction between transitive and intransitive.
first person and third person
Rare grammar term for the distinction between first-person (自称) and third-person (他称) reference.
In old grammar books, descriptions of first and third person can be found.
self-salvation and salvation by faith
Buddhist term contrasting salvation through one's own efforts (自力) with salvation through the power of another, such as Amida Buddha (他力).
In Jodo Shinshu, the teaching of self-power and other-power is emphasized.
I checked whether this verb is transitive or intransitive in the dictionary.
他者 means 'other people' alone, whereas 自他 is the paired concept of self and others together.
自動詞 names the specific grammatical category of intransitive verbs, while 自他 refers to the broader self/other-transitivity distinction covering both 自動詞 and 他動詞.
他動詞 names the specific grammatical category of transitive verbs, while 自他 is the general term covering the transitive/intransitive contrast itself.
Compound of 自 (self) and 他 (other). The specific technical uses in philosophy, grammar, and Buddhism derive from this basic contrast.