無
nothingness, none, ain't, nothing, nil, not
Readings
On'yomi
- ム
- ブ
Kun'yomi
- な.い
Meaning
無 centers on absence or negation: the state of nothingness, having none of something, or simply not being the case. The colloquial "ain't" fits as a strong informal negation.
Most common words using 無
24 of 1,282- 無いないN1
nonexistent; not being (there)
- 無料むりょうN4
free (of charge); gratuitous
- 無しなしN3
without
- 無理むりN5
unreasonable; unnatural; unjustifiable
- 無むN2
nothing; naught; nought; nil; zero
- 無くなるなくなるN4
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing
- 無駄むだN4
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
- 無事ぶじN3
safety; security; peace; quiet
- 無視むしN3
disregarding; ignoring
- 無線むせんN1
radio (communication)
- 無限むげんN2
infinity; infinitude; eternity
- 無人むじんN1
unmanned; uninhabited; unattended; deserted
- 無効むこうN1
invalid; void; ineffective; unavailable
- 無くすなくすN5
to lose (something)
- 無償むしょう
without compensation; without reward; without pay
- 無罪むざいN1
innocence; being not guilty
- 無断むだんN2
absence of permission; lack of permission
- 有無うむN2
existence or nonexistence; presence or absence
- 無敵むてき
invincible; unrivaled; unrivalled; matchless; unbeatable; undefeatable
- 無茶むちゃN1
absurd; unreasonable; ridiculous
- 無理やりむりやりN2
forcibly; by force; against one's will
- 無用むようN1
useless; futile
- 皆無かいむ
nonexistent; nil; none; nothing (at all); bugger-all
- 無職むしょくN3
without an occupation; unemployed; jobless
Study
Etymology
無 originally depicted a person with decorative headdress, associated with dancing, and was later borrowed to express negation or nothingness. The modern form retains the stylized upper shape with 灬 (fire) at the bottom, though the fire component is not historically motivated.
Meaning mnemonic
The top looks like a crowded, tangled mess, and the bottom is fire 灬. Imagine a fire burning everything away until there is nothing left: 無 is nothingness.
Reading mnemonic
For ム, imagine a silent movie where nothing makes a sound: the word "mute" captures the idea of nothingness, and "mute" -> ム.