欠
lack, gap, fail, yawning radical (no. 76)
Readings
On'yomi
- ケツ
- ケン
Kun'yomi
- か.ける
- か.く
Meaning
欠 centers on an absence or incomplete state: something is lacking, a gap exists, or an action falls short. The yawning radical sense is the same open-mouthed shape used as a component in other characters.
Most common words using 欠
20 of 156- 欠けるかけるN3
to chip; to be chipped; to break (off); to be damaged
- 欠点けってんN3
fault; defect; flaw; weak point; weakness; shortcoming; drawback
- 欠陥けっかんN2
defect; fault; flaw; deformity; deficiency; shortage; gap
- 欠けつ
lack; deficiency; vacancy
- 不可欠ふかけつN2
indispensable; essential
- 欠席けっせきN4
absence; non-attendance
- 欠くかくN1
to chip; to nick; to break; to crack
- 欠片かけらN1
fragment; broken piece; chip; splinter; shard
- 欠如けつじょN1
lack; absence; shortage; deficiency; privation
- 欠損けっそん
deficit; shortage; loss
- 欠かすかかすN2
to miss (doing); to fail (to do)
- 欠落けつらく
lack; absence; omission
- 金欠きんけつ
having no money; lack of money
- 欠場けつじょう
absence; not taking part
- 欠勤けっきん
absence (from work)
- 補欠ほけつN1
filling a vacancy; supplementation
- 欠乏けつぼうN1
deficiency; insufficiency; shortage; lack; want; dearth; scarcity
- 欠伸あくびN3
yawn; yawning
- 御欠おかき
mochi cut thin, dried, and baked or fried
- 欠員けついん
vacant position; vacancy; opening; unfilled position
Study
Etymology
欠 is a pictograph of a person with an open mouth, originally depicting yawning or lack of breath. The modern form retains the basic shape of a figure with a gaping mouth.
Meaning mnemonic
The shape looks like a person with a wide-open mouth, as if yawning from exhaustion or missing something. That open gap represents lack, a gap, or failure.
Reading mnemonic
For ケツ, imagine a person yawning so wide their mouth looks like a gaping ketsu (an invented sound for a big yawn). The ketsu sound cues ケツ while the open mouth shows lack.