敷く · godan verb (-ku)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 敷く | 敷かない |
| Polite | 敷きます | 敷きません |
| Past polite | 敷きました | 敷きませんでした |
| Past | 敷いた | 敷かなかった |
| Te-form | 敷いて | 敷かないで |
| Desire | 敷きたい | 敷きたくない |
| Potential | 敷ける | 敷けない |
| Passive | 敷かれる | 敷かれない |
| Causative | 敷かせる | 敷かせない |
| Causative passive | 敷かせられるalso 敷かされる | 敷かせられないalso 敷かされない |
| Volitional | 敷こう | |
| Polite volitional | 敷きましょう | |
| Imperative | 敷け | 敷くな |
| Conditional | 敷けば | 敷かなければ |
| Tara conditional | 敷いたら | 敷かなかったら |
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
lay out; spread out; put down underneath
Physical use for spreading or placing something flat, especially bedding, mats, carpets, or cushions. With 座布団 and similar items it means putting something down to sit or rest on.
Before going to bed, I laid out a futon on the tatami.
I put a floor cushion down and sat on it.
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
impose widely; put into force; promulgate
Used with measures, orders, or regimes that are put in place over an area or group, such as 戒厳令を敷く. 布く is a rare search-only spelling for this sense.
The government imposed martial law in that region.
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
pin down; hold down; keep under one's thumb
Most familiar in the fixed expression 尻に敷く, literally 'put under one's backside,' meaning to dominate or keep someone under control.
See also: 尻に敷く
He is always under his wife's thumb.
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
lay tracks; lay infrastructure
Used for laying long, line-like infrastructure such as railway tracks. 布く is attested as a rare search-only spelling, but 敷く is the practical spelling.
The plan is to lay new railway tracks through the mountain area.
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
deploy; set up a formation
Military or strategic use for placing forces or establishing a position, especially in phrases like 陣を敷く. 布く is a rare search-only spelling for this spread-out deployment sense.
The general set up his forces along the river.
godan verb (-ku), intransitive verb
spread; be propagated
Formal or literary intransitive use, not the ordinary modern transitive 敷く. It may describe something spreading out, such as snow or frost, or more abstractly being propagated.
“Frost spread everywhere” is a literary way of saying that frost spread out.
I laid a mat down at the entrance.
They laid new railway tracks in this area.
The government imposed martial law on the city.
Japanese mattress; futon (laid on the floor); underquilt; sleeping mat
cover a surface; spread all over; blanket; lay
mat; rug; carpet · saddlecloth; harness
fur rug; fur cushion · insole; inner sole
paper mat; paper place mat
litter; bedding (for animals)
wooden floor; board floor
beautiful (as if adorned with jewels)
tatami-matted; covered with tatami
anvil
pot stand; trivet
teapot mat; tea cloth
Attested search-only kanji form, noted for the cushion-like 'lay down underneath' use. It is not a normal modern spelling.