断る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 断る | 断らない |
| Polite | 断ります | 断りません |
| Past polite | 断りました | 断りませんでした |
| Past | 断った | 断らなかった |
| Te-form | 断って | 断らないで |
| Desire | 断りたい | 断りたくない |
| Potential | 断れる | 断れない |
| Passive | 断られる | 断られない |
| Causative | 断らせる | 断らせない |
| Causative passive | 断らせられるalso 断らされる | 断らせられないalso 断らされない |
| Volitional | 断ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 断りましょう | |
| Imperative | 断れ | 断るな |
| Conditional | 断れば | 断らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 断ったら | 断らなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
refuse; reject; turn down; decline
Directly refusing an offer, request, or proposal. Can be blunt or polite depending on context.
彼は招待を丁寧に断った。
He politely declined the invitation.
It's hard to turn down an offer.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
inform; give notice; ask in advance
Used when informing someone beforehand, often to get approval or avoid trouble. Common in phrases like 断っておく (let someone know in advance).
Please be sure to let me know in advance when you'll be late.
He left early after informing his boss.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
ask leave; excuse oneself
Polite expression for excusing oneself from a place or situation, often used in formal settings.
Please excuse me for leaving before you.
He excused himself from the meeting and left the room.
I feel bad about turning down my friend's invitation.
I let them know beforehand that I would be late.
I left the classroom after asking the teacher's permission.
He flatly refused those conditions.
断る is the plain, neutral verb for refusing a request, while 蹴飛ばす figuratively conveys a blunt, forceful rejection.
断る is the common everyday word for refusing or declining, while 謝絶 is a more formal term used in official or written contexts.
断る is the everyday, neutral verb for declining an offer or request, whereas 蹴る (reject sense) adds a forceful, almost dismissive nuance.
断る is the common, everyday verb for declining something, while 拒絶 is a formal, often written noun used for absolute, forceful rejection.
断る is the general verb for refusing a request or offer, while 振る often carries the narrower emotional sense of romantically rejecting or dumping someone.
断る means to refuse or decline a request, the opposite of 請け負う, which means to accept and take on the job.
受け付ける means to accept an application or request, while 断る means to refuse it.