済む · godan verb (-mu)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 済む | 済まない |
| Polite | 済みます | 済みません |
| Past polite | 済みました | 済みませんでした |
| Past | 済んだ | 済まなかった |
| Te-form | 済んで | 済まないで |
| Desire | 済みたい | 済みたくない |
| Potential | 済める | 済めない |
| Passive | 済まれる | 済まれない |
| Causative | 済ませる | 済ませない |
| Causative passive | 済ませられるalso 済まされる | 済ませられないalso 済まされない |
| Volitional | 済もう | |
| Polite volitional | 済みましょう | |
| Imperative | 済め | 済むな |
| Conditional | 済めば | 済まなければ |
| Tara conditional | 済んだら | 済まなかったら |
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
finish; end; be completed; be resolved
Describes a process, task, or matter reaching its natural conclusion or being settled. Often used with 無事に or やっと.
仕事がやっと済んだ。
The work is finally finished.
The procedure was completed without a hitch.
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
turn out better than expected; get off lightly
Used when a situation resolves with less trouble, cost, or damage than anticipated. Common in the pattern 〜で済む.
I'm glad it was just a minor injury.
I got off with just a warning.
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
Expresses emotional relief after a worry or obligation is resolved. Often used with 気が済む.
I felt better after apologizing.
If that makes you feel better, go ahead.
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
feel sorry; feel guilty
Used in negative constructions (〜ない) to express that one feels uneasy or indebted for causing trouble. Often 気が済まない or 済まない.
I couldn't just do nothing; I felt too guilty.
I feel sorry for causing trouble.
The work was finally finished.
The repair only ended up costing five thousand yen.
I was relieved that I didn't have to make the phone call.
It was settled just by apologizing.
終わる is the general verb for something ending, while 済む adds a nuance of resolution or relief once a matter is settled.
片付く focuses on a task or problem being tidied up and resolved, similar to 済む but more concrete (often physical or administrative matters).
used; spent
registered; already registered
resolved; settled
finished with; no longer needed; having served its purpose
finish; end; be completed · fulfill one's obligations
listed; already viewed
acknowledged; accepted; agreed
accepted; understood; already agreed
reserved; booked; already taken
processed; already handled