勉強する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 勉強する | 勉強しない |
| Polite | 勉強します | 勉強しません |
| Past polite | 勉強しました | 勉強しませんでした |
| Past | 勉強した | 勉強しなかった |
| Te-form | 勉強して | 勉強しないで |
| Desire | 勉強したい | 勉強したくない |
| Potential | 勉強できる | 勉強できない |
| Passive | 勉強される | 勉強されない |
| Causative | 勉強させる | 勉強させない |
| Causative passive | 勉強させられる | 勉強させられない |
| Volitional | 勉強しよう | |
| Polite volitional | 勉強しましょう | |
| Imperative | 勉強しろ | 勉強するな |
| Conditional | 勉強すれば | 勉強しなければ |
| Tara conditional | 勉強したら | 勉強しなかったら |
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', transitive verb
The most common meaning: acquiring knowledge or skills through reading, practice, or instruction. Used as a noun or with する.
I study Japanese every day.
I study history for the exam.
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
Focuses on the effort and industriousness rather than the content of study. Often used in set phrases like 勉強家 (a hard worker) or 勉強になる (to be a learning experience).
He is a really hard worker.
This failure was a good learning experience.
Refers to knowledge or a lesson gained through experience, often a valuable or hard-earned one. Common in the phrase いい勉強になる.
Traveling abroad was a very good learning experience.
His story was educational.
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', transitive verb, intransitive verb
A somewhat dated or merchant-specific term for a discount. Modern Japanese more commonly uses 割引 (わりびき) or 値引き (ねびき). Still seen in some traditional shops.
That shop gives a small discount.
Can you lower the price a little more?
I study Japanese every day.
The shopkeeper gave me a small discount on that item.
My little brother hates studying and is always playing instead.
The older sister is teaching her younger sister with her studies.
I want to focus on studying before the test.
勉強 is general study or learning, often for school, while 研究 denotes specialized, original research.
勉強 is the everyday, casual word for studying, whereas 修業 is more formal and implies sustained, disciplined training toward mastery.
勉強 is the most general, casual word for 'studying' and stresses effort, whereas 修学 is a formal term for the pursuit of academic knowledge.
勉強 usually refers to studying, especially schoolwork or exam preparation, whereas ラーニング evokes a modern learning method, system, or program rather than personal study effort.
勉強 refers to the studying a learner does on their own, while 授業 is the class or instruction being given.
勉強する means to study, often through one's own effort, whereas 習う focuses on receiving instruction from a teacher.
study desk