なお
Meanings
Indicates that a state continues up to the present or some reference point. Compared with まだ, なお often sounds more written or formal.
That problem still has not been solved.
Used before a comparative or evaluative expression to mean that something becomes more so, often like 'even' or 'still more.'
With a little revision, the writing will become even better.
furthermore; in addition; please note
Conjunction used to add information, especially in notices, announcements, instructions, and formal writing. It can introduce an important note rather than a casual aside.
Please note that the application deadline is Friday.
Formal or literary use, especially in the pattern なお…ごとし, often written with 猶. This is not a productive everyday construction.
In an old-fashioned style, one may write, 'Life is just like a dream.'
Usage patterns
- 〈動詞〉ても、なお〈動詞〉even after doing X, Y still happens/continues
Even after receiving treatment, the pain still continued.
- なお〈形容詞〉even more/still more ~ (before a comparative or evaluative word)
Due to the price hike, life became even harder.
- なお、〈事〉furthermore/please note that ~ (used to add important information in formal writing)
Please note that details will be announced at a later date.
- 〈事〉はなお〈事〉のごとしis just like/as if still ~ (formal, literary)
Even in old age, his fighting spirit is still like a flame.