負ける · ichidan verb
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 負ける | 負けない |
| Polite | 負けます | 負けません |
| Past polite | 負けました | 負けませんでした |
| Past | 負けた | 負けなかった |
| Te-form | 負けて | 負けないで |
| Desire | 負けたい | 負けたくない |
| Potential | 負けられるalso 負けれる | 負けられないalso 負けれない |
| Passive | 負けられる | 負けられない |
| Causative | 負けさせる | 負けさせない |
| Causative passive | 負けさせられる | 負けさせられない |
| Volitional | 負けよう | |
| Polite volitional | 負けましょう | |
| Imperative | 負けろ | 負けるな |
| Conditional | 負ければ | 負けなければ |
| Tara conditional | 負けたら | 負けなかったら |
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
General term for losing in a contest, game, fight, or competition. The opponent or cause is marked with に.
昨日の試合で、うちのチームは相手に負けた。
Our team lost to the opponent in yesterday's match.
He lost at rock-paper-scissors and was made to do a penalty game.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
Used for giving in to temptation, pressure, persuasion, or one's own weakness. Often appears as ～に負ける.
I have a sweet tooth and end up giving in to cake.
He succumbed to temptation and smoked a cigarette again.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
be inferior; be outdone; be second
Describes being inferior in quality, ability, or degree compared to something else. Often used with ～に負けない or ～に負けるとも劣らない.
This shop's ramen is so good it's not inferior to famous shops.
His enthusiasm is second to none.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
get a rash; come out in a rash
Used when skin reacts to something and develops a rash. The cause is marked with ～に or ～で.
My skin reacted to the new cosmetics and got red.
I got a rash on my arm from poison ivy.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
reduce the price; give a discount; throw in for free
Transitive use, common in commercial contexts. The seller reduces the price or adds something extra. Often used as お負け or in the phrase 負けておく.
That shop always gives me a little discount.
I'm buying this much, so give me a bit more of a discount.
We lost to a strong team in the final.
He gave in to the pressure and couldn't show his real ability.
My skin broke out in a rash from the new cosmetics.
The shop clerk knocked five hundred yen off for me.
劣る focuses purely on being inferior in quality or ability without the contest framing that 負ける (in its 'be outdone' sense) carries.
かぶれる specifically means to get a skin rash from contact with something, essentially the same idea as this sense of 負ける but the more common word for it.
負ける is the direct, neutral verb for 'to lose', while 参る (sense 'be defeated') is a softer, more indirect way to admit defeat or being overwhelmed.
まける is a casual verb for lowering a price for someone, while 値引きする is the neutral, businesslike term.
凹む emphasizes being overwhelmed or beaten down by pressure without necessarily losing outright, while 負ける is the general verb for losing a match, argument, or contest.
hates losing; competitive; sore loser
put to shame; outshone; eclipsed
poor loser; sour grapes; unwillingness to admit defeat
more losses than wins; losing record
losing a battle; lost battle · battle one cannot win; unwinnable battle
being outlasted; giving in from exhaustion; running out of patience
failing to live up to one's name; being outshone by one's name
competitive spirit; aversion to losing
losing due to being overmatched; defeat by a stronger opponent · losing by overexertion; defeat from trying too hard
loser; underdog; failure · unmarried and childless older woman
complete defeat; total loss
being unworthy of one's position; failing to live up to one's rank · being overawed by someone's rank; being intimidated by status
suffering misfortune due to an unlucky year
summer fatigue; suffering from summer heat
major loss; crushing defeat · big discount; deep discount
urushiol-induced rash; poison ivy rash; lacquer tree rash
loss of a low-ranked wrestler in the extra eighth bout
loss mark; mark indicating a defeat
losers (of society); those on the losing side