返る
返る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 返る | 返らない |
| Polite | 返ります | 返りません |
| Past polite | 返りました | 返りませんでした |
| Past | 返った | 返らなかった |
| Te-form | 返って | 返らないで |
| Desire | 返りたい | 返りたくない |
| Potential | 返れる | 返れない |
| Passive | 返られる | 返られない |
| Causative | 返らせる | 返らせない |
| Causative passive | 返らせられるalso 返らされる | 返らせられないalso 返らされない |
| Volitional | 返ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 返りましょう | |
| Imperative | 返れ | 返るな |
| Conditional | 返れば | 返らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 返ったら | 返らなかったら |
Meanings
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Intransitive: something returns to its source, owner, former place, or former state. For a person going home, 帰る is the usual spelling and word.
The book I lent out finally came back.
After the discussion, a smile returned to his face.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
turn over; turn back; be flipped over
Intransitive physical use for something turning over, folding back, or having an edge turned up. Modern Japanese often uses compounds such as 裏返る or めくれ返る for clearer specific meanings.
See also: 裏返る
The edge of the mat had turned up, and I almost tripped.
A corner of the poster had flipped back in the strong wind.
become completely; become extremely
Only when written 返る
Suffixal use after the masu-stem of another verb, typically written 返る, adding the sense that the state is complete or extreme, as in 静まり返る and あきれ返る.
The school building at night was completely silent.
Everyone was utterly appalled by his excuse.
Usage patterns
- 〈物〉が返ってくるfor something to come back (to its owner)
The money I lent came back to me.
- 〈動詞〉返るverb stem + 返る, meaning the action or state becomes complete or extreme
The classroom had gone completely silent.
- 〈物〉が元に返るfor something to return to its original position or state
The clock's hands returned to their original position.
Expressions
- 我に返るcome to one's senses; regain composure · calm down; collect oneself
- 初心に返るreturn to one's original intention; recall one's initial purpose
- はらわたが煮えくり返るbe furious; seethe with anger; have one's blood boiling