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Kotomora

約

promise, approximately, shrink

JLPTN3StatusJōyō · grade 4FrequencyTop 100Strokes9

Readings

On'yomi

  • ヤク

Kun'yomi

  • つづ.まる
  • つづ.める
  • つづま.やか

Meaning

約 centers on binding or tightening something: a promise binds people, an approximate number is a tightened or simplified figure, and shrinking makes something tighter or smaller.

Most common words using 約

24 of 385
  • 約やく
    N3

    approximately; about

  • 契約けいやく
    N3

    contract; compact; agreement

  • 予約よやく
    N5

    reservation; appointment; booking; advance order

  • 約束やくそく
    N5

    promise; agreement; arrangement; one's word; contract; pact

  • 条約じょうやく
    N2

    treaty; pact; convention; agreement

  • 婚約こんやく
    N3

    engagement; betrothal

  • 節約せつやく
    N3

    economising; saving

  • 規約きやく
    N1

    agreement; rules; code; protocol; convention; bylaw

  • 制約せいやく
    N1

    limitation; restriction; condition; constraints

  • 解約かいやく
    N1

    cancellation of a contract

  • 集約しゅうやく

    putting together (e.g. opinions); gathering; collecting; aggregating; summarizing; integrating

  • 要約ようやく
    N2

    summary; digest

  • 公約こうやく
    N1

    public commitment; public promise; campaign pledge; official vow

  • 誓約せいやく

    oath; vow; pledge; covenant

  • 確約かくやく

    firm promise; definite promise

  • 旧約きゅうやく

    old promise; old agreement; old covenant

  • 特約とくやく

    special contract; special agreement; rider (insurance)

  • 密約みつやく

    secret agreement

  • 倹約けんやく
    N1

    thrift; economy; frugality

  • 盟約めいやく

    oath; pledge; pact; covenant; alliance

  • 約款やっかん

    agreement; stipulation; article; clause

  • 締約ていやく

    conclusion of a treaty

  • 成約せいやく

    conclusion of a contract

  • 婚約者こんやくしゃ

    fiance; fiancee

Explore all words using 約 →

Study

Etymology

約 combines 糸 (thread) with 勺, which likely contributes the sound and the idea of binding or wrapping. The original sense of tying with thread extends to abstract binding like promises and to making things compact.

Meaning mnemonic

Thread 糸 wrapped around a ladle 勺: imagine binding a ladle tightly with thread to keep it from moving. That binding is like a promise, and the tight wrapping shrinks the space around it.

Reading mnemonic

For ヤク, picture a yak making a promise by tying a thread around its horn: yak -> ヤク, and the thread binds the promise.