破
rend, rip, tear, break, destroy, defeat, frustrate
Readings
On'yomi
- ハ
Kun'yomi
- やぶ.る
- やぶ.れる
- わ.れる
Meaning
破 centers on forceful separation: tearing, ripping, or breaking something apart. Its extended senses of destroying, defeating, or frustrating follow naturally from the idea of breaking something down.
Most common words using 破
20 of 249- 破壊はかいN2
destruction; disruption
- 破るやぶるN4
to tear; to rip; to break; to destroy
- 突破とっぱN1
breaking through; breakthrough; penetration
- 爆破ばくはN1
destructive blast; blowing up; explosion
- 破産はさんN3
bankruptcy; insolvency
- 破綻はたんN1
failure; collapse; breakdown; break-up; bankruptcy
- 破損はそんN1
damage; breakage
- 破棄はきN1
tearing up and discarding (e.g. documents); destruction
- 破れやぶれ
tear; rip; breach; break; hole; crack; breakdown; collapse
- 破滅はめつN1
ruin; destruction; fall
- 撃破げきは
defeating; crushing; smashing; destroying
- 破は
middle section of a song (in gagaku or noh)
- 破裂はれつN1
bursting; rupture; explosion
- 破片はへんN2
fragment; broken piece; splinter; chip; shard
- 大破たいは
serious damage; heavy damage; being wrecked
- 論破ろんぱ
defeating an argument; winning an argument; refutation; confutation
- 破局はきょくN1
catastrophe; cataclysm
- 打破だは
breaking down; defeating; abolishing
- 破格はかく
extraordinary; exceptional; unprecedented; special; abnormal; irregular
- 破砕はさい
crushing (into pieces); smashing; cracking; breaking up
Study
Etymology
破 combines 石 (stone) and 皮 (skin/hide), suggesting the action of breaking or tearing with a stone. The phonetic contribution of 皮 is likely, but the exact historical development is uncertain.
Meaning mnemonic
A stone 石 strikes against skin or hide 皮, tearing and breaking it apart. Picture a sharp rock ripping through leather.
Reading mnemonic
For ハ, imagine a stone breaking a piece of hard bark with a sharp crack: hard bark -> ハ, and the stone tears right through it.