noun, noun, used as a suffix
Broadly refers to difficulty, trouble, or hardship. Also used as a suffix meaning 'difficulty in doing something' (e.g., 生活難, 理解難).
この計画には多くの難がある。
This plan has many difficulties.
生活難で困っている。
I'm struggling with financial hardship.
noun
Used in set phrases like 難を逃れる (escape danger) or 難に遭う (meet with an accident). Not a general word for 'accident'.
彼は九死に一生を得て難を逃れた。
He narrowly escaped death and avoided disaster.
noun
Refers to a flaw or weak point, often in a person or thing. Common in compounds like 難点 (weak point) or 難癖 (fault-finding).
彼の計画にはいくつかの難がある。
His plan has several flaws.
noun
Used in expressions like 難を付ける (find fault with) or 難を言う (criticize). Often implies nitpicking or blaming.
彼は私の提案に難を付けた。
He found fault with my proposal.