Grammar reference

Japanese grammar reference by JLPT level

Browse 862 individual explanations and 50 guides that compare related forms in context.

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からStarting point: from, since, starting atN5

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7 guides

から・ので・で・て・なくて・ため・ためにChoice guide

Choosing an everyday reason expressionChoose by asking what kind of cause you are presenting and what follows it. Use から or ので for a full reason that explains a conclusion or response. Use noun plus で for a compact factual cause, て or なくて for a cause tightly tied to an uncontrolled result, and ため or ために for a careful, report-like explanation.5 points · N5–N4

にもかかわらず・ものの・つつも・といっても・からといって・とはいえ・とはいうものの・といえどもRegister guide

Advanced concession and qualifying a claimChoose by asking what the second part does—not by translating every form as “although.” It may report a result that defies a fact, quietly limit a claim, correct an inflated description, reject faulty reasoning, or deny an exception. Once that relationship is clear, choose the form whose register fits the setting.9 points · N2–N1

として・に対たいして・にとって・で言いうと・としては・にしたら・から見みるとChoice guide

Choosing among roles, targets, and viewpointsChoose by asking what job the marked noun is doing. Is it a role someone holds, a target receiving an action, a person whose interests matter, a system used for classification, an imagined position, or the evidence behind a judgment? English often translates several of these with “as,” “for,” or “from the viewpoint of,” but Japanese keeps those relationships separate.7 points · N3–N2

読よめ・なさい・てごらん・てはいけない・するな・てはならない・べからず・あるまじきRegister guide

Commands and prohibitions by strength and settingChoose a directive by asking three things: are you telling someone to act or not to act, do you have a clear reason to control that person’s action, and is the setting conversational, instructional, formal, or deliberately literary? These forms are not simply rungs on one politeness ladder. A polite ending can still impose a firm rule, while an old-fashioned form may sound measured without being respectful.11 points · N5–N4–N3–N2–N1

だから・それで・そこで・そのため・その結けっ果か・すると・そうすると・したがってDiscourse guide

Choosing a reason or result connectorChoose the connector by asking what job the next sentence does. Is it your conclusion, something that happened as a result, a deliberate response, a clearly identified outcome, the next event or discovery, or a formal logical conclusion? English often uses “so” for all of these, but Japanese lets you name the relationship more precisely.5 points · N5–N4–N3–N2

そして・それから・また・それに・その上うえ・しかも・なお・さらにDiscourse guide

Adding information naturallyDo not choose these connectors by translating English “and” or “also.” Ask what the new sentence is doing: continuing a story, marking the next step, adding an equal point, strengthening the same judgment, moving an explanation forward, or supplying a secondary note. That relationship is the best guide.10 points · N5–N4–N3–N2

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Results for “から”

44 grammar points