除く · godan verb (-ku)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 除く | 除かない |
| Polite | 除きます | 除きません |
| Past polite | 除きました | 除きませんでした |
| Past | 除いた | 除かなかった |
| Te-form | 除いて | 除かないで |
| Desire | 除きたい | 除きたくない |
| Potential | 除ける | 除けない |
| Passive | 除かれる | 除かれない |
| Causative | 除かせる | 除かせない |
| Causative passive | 除かせられるalso 除かされる | 除かせられないalso 除かされない |
| Volitional | 除こう | |
| Polite volitional | 除きましょう | |
| Imperative | 除け | 除くな |
| Conditional | 除けば | 除かなければ |
| Tara conditional | 除いたら | 除かなかったら |
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
Physical or abstract removal: taking something away, deleting, or clearing an obstacle.
I remove the dust from the desk.
I prepared thoroughly to get rid of my anxiety.
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
Used when something is intentionally not included, such as in a list, group, or calculation.
Everyone agreed except for him.
Tax is excluded from this price.
godan verb (-ku), transitive verb
Euphemistic or literary use for eliminating a person seen as a threat or obstacle. Rare in everyday speech.
The organization eliminated the traitor.
I removed the obstacles before starting the work.
The doctor's explanation helped eliminate my anxiety.
Everyone except him attended the meeting.
I removed his name from the list.
除く means to exclude or leave something out, the opposite of 交える's sense of mixing or including something in.
除く means to exclude or leave something out, the direct opposite of 含める's sense of including something in a scope or total.