知る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 知る | 知らない |
| Polite | 知ります | 知りません |
| Past polite | 知りました | 知りませんでした |
| Past | 知った | 知らなかった |
| Te-form | 知って | 知らないで |
| Desire | 知りたい | 知りたくない |
| Potential | 知れる | 知れない |
| Passive | 知られる | 知られない |
| Causative | 知らせる | 知らせない |
| Causative passive | 知らせられるalso 知らされる | 知らせられないalso 知らされない |
| Volitional | 知ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 知りましょう | |
| Imperative | 知れ | 知るな |
| Conditional | 知れば | 知らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 知ったら | 知らなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
know; be aware of; learn; find out
General knowledge or awareness of facts, information, or events. Covers both static knowledge and the moment of learning or discovering something.
彼の電話番号を知っていますか。
Do you know his phone number?
I learned about the accident from the newspaper.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Perceiving or becoming aware of something through intuition, physical sensation, or subtle cues, rather than factual knowledge.
I sensed malice in his words and realized something was up.
When I entered the room, I sensed someone's presence.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
understand; comprehend; grasp; appreciate
Deep understanding or appreciation of a concept, situation, or value, often implying insight beyond surface knowledge.
He really understands the value of art.
It's important to understand your own limits.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
remember; be familiar with; be acquainted with
Having something in memory or being familiar with a person, place, or thing through prior exposure.
I know that shop.
I know his face, but I can't remember his name.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
experience; go through; know (hardship)
Having personally experienced something, often hardship, difficulty, or a particular situation. Commonly used with nouns like 苦労, 悲しみ, 喜び.
He experienced a lot of hardship when he was young.
The generation that knows the misery of war is dwindling.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
get to know; get acquainted with
The process of becoming familiar with a person, often implying a developing relationship or first encounter.
I didn't have a chance to get to know my new classmates.
I got to know her through work.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
have to do with; be concerned with; be one's responsibility
Used almost exclusively in negative constructions (e.g., 知ったことではない, 知ったことか) to disclaim involvement, concern, or responsibility.
Whatever he does is none of my business.
I don't care about that!
Do you know Mr. Tanaka?
Few people know the details about that incident.
He knows firsthand the hardships of his youth.
He made the remark without knowing that fact.
気づく highlights the sudden moment of noticing something, while 知る (in its 'sense/notice' meaning) can describe a more gradual or subtle awareness.
覚える implies actively memorizing or retaining something, while 知る (in its 'remember/be familiar with' sense) just means having it in one's awareness or acquaintance already.
知る is the plain, neutral verb for knowing something; ご存知 is the respectful form reserved for the listener's or a respected person's knowledge.
知る is the plain verb for knowing a fact, while 心得る implies a deeper, internalized awareness or readiness to act on that knowledge.
知る is the general verb 'to know/learn about', whereas 知り合う specifically means two people mutually get to know each other.
知る is the plain verb meaning 'to know', while 存ずる is its humble equivalent used to show respect toward the listener or a third party.
知る is the plain verb 'to know', and 知らす is its honorific (sonkeigo) form used to show respect toward the person who knows.
realize; come to know; become aware of
well-informed person; walking encyclopedia; extensive knowledge
recognition; acquaintance
man of the world; worldly-wise person; experienced in love
know each other; be acquainted · love each other; exchange vows
acquaintance
acquaintance; friend
recognize; know by sight; be acquainted with
can know; be able to know; acquire knowledge
know thoroughly; know inside out
hear and learn; come to know by hearing
fathom; comprehend; estimate
second-meeting awkwardness; awkwardness on subsequent encounters
taste and know; savor and understand