知る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 知る | 知らない |
| Polite | 知ります | 知りません |
| Past polite | 知りました | 知りませんでした |
| Past | 知った | 知らなかった |
| Te-form | 知って | 知らないで |
| Desire | 知りたい | 知りたくない |
| Potential | 知れる | 知れない |
| Passive | 知られる | 知られない |
| Causative | 知らせる | 知らせない |
| Causative passive | 知らせられるalso 知らされる | 知らせられないalso 知らされない |
| Volitional | 知ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 知りましょう | |
| Imperative | 知れ | 知るな |
| Conditional | 知れば | 知らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 知ったら | 知らなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
know; be aware of; learn; find out
General knowledge or awareness of facts, information, or events. Covers both static knowledge and the moment of learning or discovering something.
Do you know his phone number?
I learned about the accident from the newspaper.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Perceiving or becoming aware of something through intuition, physical sensation, or subtle cues, rather than factual knowledge.
I sensed malice in his words and realized something was up.
When I entered the room, I sensed someone's presence.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
understand; comprehend; grasp; appreciate
Deep understanding or appreciation of a concept, situation, or value, often implying insight beyond surface knowledge.
He really understands the value of art.
It's important to understand your own limits.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
remember; be familiar with; be acquainted with
Having something in memory or being familiar with a person, place, or thing through prior exposure.
I know that shop.
I know his face, but I can't remember his name.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
experience; go through; know (hardship)
Having personally experienced something, often hardship, difficulty, or a particular situation. Commonly used with nouns like 苦労, 悲しみ, 喜び.
He experienced a lot of hardship when he was young.
The generation that knows the misery of war is dwindling.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
get to know; get acquainted with
The process of becoming familiar with a person, often implying a developing relationship or first encounter.
I didn't have a chance to get to know my new classmates.
I got to know her through work.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
have to do with; be concerned with; be one's responsibility
Used almost exclusively in negative constructions (e.g., 知ったことではない, 知ったことか) to disclaim involvement, concern, or responsibility.
Whatever he does is none of my business.
I don't care about that!
Do you know Mr. Tanaka?
Few people know the details about that incident.
He knows firsthand the hardships of his youth.
He made the remark without knowing that fact.