込
crowded, mixture, in bulk, included, (kokuji)
Readings
On'yomi
—
Kun'yomi
- -こ.む
- こ.む
- こ.み
- -こ.み
- こ.める
Nanori
- こみ
- ごめ
Meaning
込 centers on things being packed together or included: a crowd, a mixture, or something added in bulk. The idea is always about putting things into a space or group so they become dense or part of a whole.
Most common words using 込
24 of 502- 込むこむN4
to be crowded; to be packed; to be congested; to be thronged (with)
- 込めるこめるN2
to load (a gun, etc.); to charge
- 書き込みかきこみN1
writing
- 見込みみこみN1
hope; promise; possibility; chance; probability; likelihood
- 税込みぜいこみN3
including tax (of a price); pretax (income or profits); before tax
- 申し込みもうしこみN2
application; entry; request; subscription; offer; proposal; overture; challenge
- 持ち込みもちこみ
bring-your-own (e.g. food and drink); carry-on (e.g. luggage)
- 突っ込むつっこむN2
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to stuff; to shove
- 持ち込むもちこむN2
to bring in; to take in; to carry in
- 振込ふりこみN3
payment made via bank deposit transfer
- 仕込みしこみ
training; education; upbringing
- 取り込みとりこみ
taking in; bringing in
- 乗り込むのりこむN2
to board (a train, plane, etc.); to get into (a car); to get on (a bus); to go on board; to get aboard
- 落ち込むおちこむN2
to feel down; to feel sad; to be depressed; to be in low spirits
- 飛び込みとびこみ
jump; plunge; dive
- 巻き込むまきこむN1
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up
- 取り込むとりこむN1
to take in; to bring in; to adopt (e.g. behaviour); to introduce
- 入り込むはいりこむ
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to get in; to step in (a house)
- 追い込むおいこむN1
to herd; to drive; to chase; to corral
- 飛び込むとびこむN3
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to dive
- 追い込みおいこみ
final stage; final stretch; final spurt; last spurt; final push; late charge
- 書き込むかきこむN2
to fill in (field, entry, etc.); to fill out (form)
- 申し込むもうしこむN4
to apply for; to make an application; to propose (marriage); to offer (mediation); to make an overture (of peace); to challenge; to lodge (objections); to request (an interview); to subscribe for; to book; to reserve
- 送り込むおくりこむ
to send in
Study
Etymology
込 is a Japanese kokuji (国字) created by combining the movement radical 辶 with 入 (enter). It expresses the idea of entering and filling a space, leading to meanings like crowded or included.
Meaning mnemonic
The movement radical 辶 suggests going, and 入 means enter. Picture people entering a room until it becomes crowded and everything is mixed together in bulk.
Reading mnemonic
For -こ, imagine a crowded room where everyone is saying 'ko' as they bump into each other: 'ko, ko, ko!' The sound of the crowd cues こ.