adhere, attach, refer to, append
付 centers on joining one thing to another: adhering, attaching, appending, or referring to something by linking it in.
to be attached; to be connected with; to adhere; to stick; to cling
bill; bill of sale; payment invoice
furnished with; including
reception (desk); information desk; receptionist; information clerk
neighborhood; neighbourhood; vicinity; environs; surrounding area; district
to be lucky; to be in luck
to attach; to join; to connect; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); to put against
association; socializing; socialising; fellowship
being attached (to); being affiliated (to); belonging (to); going with
contribution; donation
date; dating
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go steady with; to get on with
to adhere to; to stick to; to cling to
grant; allowance; endowment; bestowal; assignment; conferment
delivery; issuance; handing over; granting
addition; annexation; appendage
provision (of money or goods); furnishing; conferral; payment; delivery; benefit
appendix; supplement; annex; extra (of a newspaper or magazine)
attaching (documents, etc.); appending; affixing
seasoning; flavour; flavor
placement; fixed position; mapping out; location
to put in order; to tidy up; to clean up; to put away; to clear away
sticking to; clinging to; adhesion; cohesion; agglutination
support (e.g. for an argument); backing; proof; evidence; corroboration; substantiation; guarantee; security
付 combines 亻 (person) and 寸 (hand/measure), suggesting a person handing something over or attaching it.
A person 亻 using their hand 寸 to stick something onto another object: attaching or appending.
For フ, imagine a person attaching a food label to a package: food -> フ, and the hand sticks it on.