together with; jointly; co-
Used as a noun-like element or prefix meaning that people or things act, exist, or are involved together. Often appears inside compounds rather than as a free standalone noun.
The number of households where both partners work is increasing.
友人と共に旅行した。
I traveled together with a friend.
A limited prefix-like use meaning the same or matching item, material, or kind; common in compounds such as 共布, “matching/same cloth.”
このワンピースには共布のベルトが付いている。
This dress comes with a belt made of the same fabric.
Suffix after a number, group word, or pronoun-like expression, meaning all members of the set. With a negative predicate it means none of them or neither of them.
兄弟二人とも医者です。
Both brothers are doctors.
学生は三人とも来なかった。
None of the three students came.
including; inclusive of
Suffix used to say that a stated amount or item is included, often in prices, charges, or set expressions. This use is narrower and somewhat written or transactional compared with 込み.
代金は送料ともで三千円です。
The price is 3,000 yen including shipping.
Both of them are students.
It's 3,000 yen including shipping.
Neither of them knows.
cannibalism (in animals); feeding on each other · cannibalization; mutually harmful competition; internecine struggle
falling together; mutual destruction; joint bankruptcy
together; along with
dual-income; both spouses working
free stock; compatible rootstock
sleeping together; sharing a bed
same cloth; matching fabric; spare cloth
stopper; plug
original signed box; creator-signed box
same type of paper; paper of the same material/color
same color
lining a kimono with the same fabric as the outer material
same-colored neckband