共とも

noun, noun, used as a prefix

together with; jointly; co-

Used as a noun-like element or prefix meaning that people or things act, exist, or are involved together. Often appears inside compounds rather than as a free standalone noun.

• 共とも働ばたらきの家か庭ていが増ふえている。

  The number of households where both partners work is increasing.

• 友ゆう人じんと共ともに旅りょ行こうした。

  I traveled together with a friend.

noun, noun, used as a prefix

same; matching

A limited prefix-like use meaning the same or matching item, material, or kind; common in compounds such as 共布, “matching/same cloth.”

• このワンピースには共とも布ぬののベルトが付ついている。

  This dress comes with a belt made of the same fabric.

suffix

both; all; neither; none

Suffix after a number, group word, or pronoun-like expression, meaning all members of the set. With a negative predicate it means none of them or neither of them.

• 兄きょう弟だい二人ふたりとも医い者しゃです。

  Both brothers are doctors.

• 学がく生せいは三さん人にんとも来こなかった。

  None of the three students came.

suffix

including; inclusive of

Suffix used to say that a stated amount or item is included, often in prices, charges, or set expressions. This use is narrower and somewhat written or transactional compared with 込み.

• 代だい金きんは送そう料りょうともで三さん千ぜん円えんです。

  The price is 3,000 yen including shipping.