I arrived at the station.
Let's meet at three o'clock.
Marks the purpose of an action, often with verbs of motion or the stem of a verb.
I go shopping.
Indicates a reason or cause. Often used with nouns expressing emotion or natural phenomena.
I got wet from the rain.
Expresses a rate or proportion. Common in patterns like 〜に一回 (once per ~).
I go to the gym once a week.
Lists items, often in the pattern 〜に〜, adding emphasis or completeness.
Bread and coffee, that's enough.
Archaic conditional or concessive use, now mostly replaced by 〜ば, 〜ても, etc. Found in classical Japanese.
Used in old expressions like '行くに行かれぬ' (unable to go even if one tries).
I go to school.
I'm going to see a movie.
She was surprised at the news.
I was scolded by the teacher.
He was chosen as the team leader.
I exercise once a week.
として explicitly marks a role or capacity ('as'), while に alone can express the same role sense in more limited, fixed expressions.
へ highlights the direction or general area of movement, while に pinpoints the exact destination or point of contact.
に is the standard particle marking place, time, or direction, while ん is a rapid-speech contraction of に used mainly before なる.
に is a neutral particle that can mark time or destination, whereas にて specifically marks the formal place, time, or means of an action.
へ marks a general direction or destination and feels a bit more literary/vague, while に marks an exact destination, location, or time point.
で marks the location or means of an action (where something happens), while に marks the location of existence or the destination of movement.
に marks direction, location, time, or recipient on its own, while には adds は to make that に-marked element a topic or point of emphasis/contrast.
Kana-only particle; no kanji form exists.
The particle に is native Japanese, with no clear derivation from other words. It has been used since Old Japanese for location, direction, and various grammatical functions.
に simply marks a point of arrival or time, while まで emphasizes the continuous extent leading up to that point.
に marks a destination or point of contact (乗る, 着く) while を marks the space traversed or the point of departure with the same kind of motion verb (通る, 出る), so learners easily swap them.