に

particle

at; in; on; during

Marks a location or time point. Used with place nouns and time expressions.

• 駅えきに着ついた。

  I arrived at the station.

• 三さん時じに会あいましょう。

  Let's meet at three o'clock.

particle

to; toward; into

Indicates direction, destination, or a resulting state. Often used with verbs of motion or change.

• 東とう京きょうに行いく。

  I go to Tokyo.

• 部屋へやに入はいった。

  I entered the room.

particle

for (purpose)

Marks the purpose of an action, often with verbs of motion or the stem of a verb.

• 買かい物ものに行いく。

  I go shopping.

particle

because of; for; with

Indicates a reason or cause. Often used with nouns expressing emotion or natural phenomena.

• 雨あめに濡ぬれた。

  I got wet from the rain.

particle

by; from

Marks the agent in passive constructions or the source in receiving expressions.

• 先せん生せいに褒ほめられた。

  I was praised by the teacher.

particle

as; in the role of

Used with として or alone to indicate a role, capacity, or function.

See also: として

• 彼かれを助じょ手しゅに雇やとった。

  I hired him as an assistant.

particle

per; a; for

Expresses a rate or proportion. Common in patterns like 〜に一回 (once per ~).

• 一いっ週しゅう間かんに一いち度ど、ジムに行いく。

  I go to the gym once a week.

particle

and; in addition to

Lists items, often in the pattern 〜に〜, adding emphasis or completeness.

• パンにコーヒー、それで十じゅう分ぶんだ。

  Bread and coffee, that's enough.

particle

if; although

Archaic conditional or concessive use, now mostly replaced by 〜ば, 〜ても, etc. Found in classical Japanese.

• 「行いくに行いかれぬ」のような古ふるい言いい回まわしで使つかわれる。

  Used in old expressions like '行くに行かれぬ' (unable to go even if one tries).