走る
走る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 走る | 走らない |
| Polite | 走ります | 走りません |
| Past polite | 走りました | 走りませんでした |
| Past | 走った | 走らなかった |
| Te-form | 走って | 走らないで |
| Desire | 走りたい | 走りたくない |
| Potential | 走れる | 走れない |
| Passive | 走られる | 走られない |
| Causative | 走らせる | 走らせない |
| Causative passive | 走らせられるalso 走らされる | 走らせられないalso 走らされない |
| Volitional | 走ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 走りましょう | |
| Imperative | 走れ | 走るな |
| Conditional | 走れば | 走らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 走ったら | 走らなかったら |
Meanings
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Basic meaning: to move quickly on foot.
He runs in the park every morning.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
run (vehicle); drive; travel; sail
Used for vehicles, ships, and other means of transport moving along a route.
This train runs to Tokyo.
The ship sails from port to port.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Emphasizes hurrying or moving at high speed, often toward a destination.
Hearing about the accident, he rushed to the hospital.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Used for running away from a place or switching allegiance; often implies escape or betrayal.
The enemy fled toward the mountains.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Often implies leaving secretly or escaping a situation; 奔る is occasionally used for this nuance.
He ran away in the night, leaving his debts behind.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
flash; streak; shoot through; spread quickly
Describes something moving swiftly and transiently: lightning, pain, a shudder, news, or an expression crossing one's face.
Lightning flashed across the sky.
A pain shot through my back.
The rumor spread quickly through the town.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
go to extremes; turn to; get carried away by
Used in the pattern 〜に走る to indicate giving in to a negative impulse or extreme behavior; 趨る is occasionally used.
He tends to get carried away by his emotions.
Young people often go to extremes.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
run through; extend; stretch; lie
Describes a road, river, mountain range, or similar feature extending across a landscape.
This road runs along the coast.
Usage patterns
- 〈場所〉を走るto run through/along a place
I run through the park every morning.
- 〈物〉が走るfor a vehicle, ship, etc. to run/travel
The bullet train runs from Tokyo to Osaka.
- 〈場所〉へ走るto dash/rush to a place
I dashed to the station in a hurry.
- 〈場所〉に走るto flee/defect to a place
He defected to the enemy country.
- 〈場所〉に〈物〉が走るfor a sensation (pain, shiver, etc.) to shoot through a part of the body
A sharp pain shot through my back.
- 〈事〉に走るto give in to/resort to (a negative impulse or extreme)
He resorted to violence.