休む
休む · godan verb (-mu)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 休む | 休まない |
| Polite | 休みます | 休みません |
| Past polite | 休みました | 休みませんでした |
| Past | 休んだ | 休まなかった |
| Te-form | 休んで | 休まないで |
| Desire | 休みたい | 休みたくない |
| Potential | 休める | 休めない |
| Passive | 休まれる | 休まれない |
| Causative | 休ませる | 休ませない |
| Causative passive | 休ませられるalso 休まされる | 休ませられないalso 休まされない |
| Volitional | 休もう | |
| Polite volitional | 休みましょう | |
| Imperative | 休め | 休むな |
| Conditional | 休めば | 休まなければ |
| Tara conditional | 休んだら | 休まなかったら |
Meanings
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
be absent; take a day off
Used when someone is not at their usual place (school, work) for a day or longer. Often with 学校・会社を休む.
I was absent from school yesterday because of a cold.
I'll take a paid day off and be absent from work tomorrow.
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
General rest from activity, including short breaks. Can be used for physical rest or pausing work.
Let's take a short break.
I'm tired, so I'll rest a bit.
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
go to bed; lie down to sleep; turn in
Refers to going to bed or lying down to sleep, often at night. More casual than 就寝する.
It's late, so I'm going to bed.
Good night. Please rest well.
godan verb (-mu), intransitive verb
suspend activity; stop for a while
Used for temporarily stopping an ongoing activity or business. Often seen in signs like 本日休業 (closed today).
This shop is closed on Mondays.
Construction is suspended because of heavy rain.
Usage patterns
- 〈場所〉を休むto be absent from (school, work, etc.)
I had a fever, so I stayed home from school.
- ゆっくり休むto rest leisurely; to take it easy
I want to relax and take it easy this weekend.
- 早く休むto go to bed early
I have an early start tomorrow, so I'll go to bed early tonight.
- しばらく休むto suspend/pause for a while
I heard that shop is going to close for a while.
- 〈事〉で休むto be absent because of (a reason)
I took the day off work because of a cold.
Expressions
- おやすみなさいgood night
- 休み明けjust after a holiday break; the first day back after a holiday
- 親が死んでも食休みresting after a meal is sacrosanct
- 下手な考え休むに似たりpoor thinking is as good as sleeping
- 下手の考え休むに似たりa poor thinker might as well be asleep; bad ideas are no better than none