作る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 作る | 作らない |
| Polite | 作ります | 作りません |
| Past polite | 作りました | 作りませんでした |
| Past | 作った | 作らなかった |
| Te-form | 作って | 作らないで |
| Desire | 作りたい | 作りたくない |
| Potential | 作れる | 作れない |
| Passive | 作られる | 作られない |
| Causative | 作らせる | 作らせない |
| Causative passive | 作らせられるalso 作らされる | 作らせられないalso 作らされない |
| Volitional | 作ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 作りましょう | |
| Imperative | 作れ | 作るな |
| Conditional | 作れば | 作らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 作ったら | 作らなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
make; produce; manufacture; build; construct
Broad physical and abstract creation: making objects, producing goods, building structures. 造る is often used for large-scale manufacturing or construction.
彼は木で机を作った。
He made a desk out of wood.
この工場では自動車を造っている。
This factory manufactures cars.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
prepare (food); brew (alcohol)
Used for cooking, preparing meals, and brewing alcoholic beverages. 造る is common for brewing.
母は毎朝お弁当を作る。
My mother makes a boxed lunch every morning.
この地域では日本酒を造っている。
They brew sake in this region.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for growing crops, raising plants, and tilling soil. Sense 4 (to till) is a specific agricultural use.
See also: 野菜を作る
祖母は畑で野菜を作っている。
My grandmother grows vegetables in the field.
田んぼを作るのは重労働だ。
Tilling a rice paddy is hard work.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
draw up (a document); make out; prepare; write
Used for drafting, writing, or preparing documents, lists, plans, etc.
契約書を作ってください。
Please draw up a contract.
旅行の計画を作ろう。
Let's make a travel plan.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
create (artistic work); compose
Used for creating artistic, literary, or musical works. 創る is often preferred for original creative works.
彼は新しい曲を作った。
He composed a new song.
芸術家は独自の世界を創る。
An artist creates their own unique world.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
coin (a phrase); organize; establish; found
Used for coining new words, establishing organizations, founding companies, or setting up systems. 創る can be used for founding something new.
彼は新しい会社を創った。
He founded a new company.
委員会を作って問題を検討しよう。
Let's set up a committee to examine the issue.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for having or bearing a child. Often used in the phrase 子供を作る.
彼らは子供を作ることにした。
They decided to have a child.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for applying makeup or putting on a facial expression. Common in phrases like 顔を作る.
彼女は鏡の前で顔を作っている。
She is putting on her makeup in front of the mirror.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
fabricate (an excuse); feign (a smile); put on a show
Used for making up excuses, faking emotions, or putting on a false appearance. Often carries a negative nuance of deception.
彼は遅刻の言い訳を作った。
He fabricated an excuse for being late.
彼女は無理に笑顔を作った。
She forced a smile.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for forming a line, queue, or row. Common in phrases like 列を作る.
人気の店の前に長い列が作られた。
A long line formed in front of the popular store.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for setting or establishing a record. Common in phrases like 記録を作る.
彼は世界新記録を作った。
He set a new world record.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for committing a sin or crime. Often in the phrase 罪を作る.
彼は若い頃に罪を作ってしまった。
He committed a crime when he was young.
He set a new world record.
The couple is talking about having a child soon.
He ran up a huge debt from gambling.
Even when it was hard, she put on a smile to serve customers.
I drew up the documents for the contract.
I composed a song for my friend.
作る is a general verb for making almost anything, while 建てる is used specifically for erecting buildings and other large structures.
作る is the general verb for making anything, while 仕立てる specifically implies skilled tailoring, careful training, or deliberate arrangement.
作る is the general, neutral verb for 'make', while 作り上げる stresses effort and bringing something to full completion.
作る is the general, everyday verb for making anything, while 作成 is a more formal term specifically for compiling documents or structured data.
作る is a general verb for making anything, while 組む emphasizes assembling existing parts into a structured whole, like a schedule or program.
作る is the general, everyday verb for making or manufacturing something concrete, while 生み出す emphasizes bringing something genuinely new into existence.
manufacture; produce; raise (crops) · invent; dream up; create (abstract)
made-up story; fiction; fabrication
build up; complete; construct; create; put together · make up; fabricate; invent; cook up
form; shape; mold; build up
remake; rebuild; redo
artificial product; imitation; fake · fiction; made-up story · festival decoration; ornamental display · theatrical prop; stage property · crop; harvest
sashimi · make-up; cosmetics
dressing to look young; making oneself look younger
forced laugh; forced smile
deceitful; sinful; wicked · cruel; heartless; merciless
remake; reconstruct; alter; adapt
personnel training; human resources development; character building
bodybuilding; building up one's body; strength training
fabrication; lie; made-up story
alias; pseudonym; pen name
-maker
feigned voice; put-on voice; unnatural voice
made-up kanji; invented Chinese character · forming a character with people or objects · Japanese-made kanji; kokuji
maker; creator; builder · farmer; grower
well-trimmed tree; shaped tree
feigned illness; pretended sickness