来る · kuru verb (irregular)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 来る | 来ない |
| Polite | 来ます | 来ません |
| Past polite | 来ました | 来ませんでした |
| Past | 来た | 来なかった |
| Te-form | 来て | 来ないで |
| Desire | 来たい | 来たくない |
| Potential | 来られるalso 来れる | 来られないalso 来れない |
| Passive | 来られる | 来られない |
| Causative | 来させる | 来させない |
| Causative passive | 来させられる | 来させられない |
| Volitional | 来よう | |
| Polite volitional | 来ましょう | |
| Imperative | 来い | 来るな |
| Conditional | 来れば | 来なければ |
| Tara conditional | 来たら | 来なかったら |
kuru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
Basic spatial or temporal movement toward the speaker or a reference point.
A friend comes to my house.
Spring has come.
kuru verb (irregular), intransitive verb, auxiliary verb
come back; do ... and come back
Auxiliary use after the -te form of a verb, indicating going somewhere to do something and then returning. Usually written in kana.
See also: 行ってくる
I'll go to the convenience store and come back.
I'll go wash my hands and come back.
kuru verb (irregular), intransitive verb, auxiliary verb
come to be; become; get; grow; continue
Auxiliary use after the -te form of a verb, indicating a gradual change or continuation of a state up to the present. Usually written in kana.
I've come to understand Japanese a little.
It has started to rain.
kuru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
come from; be caused by; derive from
Indicates origin, cause, or source. Often used with から or に.
This problem comes from a misunderstanding.
That word comes from Latin.
kuru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
Used in the pattern ～と来たら to single out a topic, often with a nuance of complaint or strong feeling. Somewhat colloquial.
See also: ときたら
When it comes to my kid, all he does is play video games.
A friend is coming to my house.
That pain apparently comes from stress.
It's gradually been getting colder.
Spring will soon be here.
A phone call came late at night.
来る is the plain, neutral verb for 'to come', while 見える is its honorific counterpart used to show respect toward the person arriving.
お出で is the honorific way to refer to someone's coming, while 来る is the plain, neutral verb 'to come' with no honorific meaning.
来る is the plain, neutral verb for coming, while 運ぶ in the honorific pattern お運びになる is the formal, respectful way to describe someone's coming or going.
来る is the plain verb for coming, while おいでになる is its honorific form used when a respected person comes.
越す is the honorific verb used for someone's coming or going, corresponding to the plain verb 来る 'to come'.